Blood and Gut Micriobiota Profiles of Broiler Chickens Fed on Diet Supplemented with Graded Levels of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Oil
Mafouo Sonhafouo Vanessa,
Kana Jean Raphaël,
Nguepi Ndogmo Kissel
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
78-82
Received:
17 April 2019
Accepted:
5 June 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: The present study was assigned to evaluate the Hematological and gut micriobiota profiles of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with graded levels of neem oil. A total of 400 day-old chicks of Cobb 500 strain were randomly assigned to 5 treatments groups of 80 birds each with 5 replicates. The experimental rations consisted of a control diet without supplement (R0-), a positive control diet containing 1g of antibiotic/kg (R0+) and three other diets supplemented respectively with 15, 20 and 25 g of neem oil / kg of feed. Feeding broiler with neem oil had no significant (p<0.05) effect on heamoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), Red blood cell (RBC), total leucocytes, white blood cells (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and lymphocytes counts. With 25 g of oil / kg no trace of salmonella has found in the digestive tract. While, shigellae count was significantly lower with 20 g of neem / kg feed compared to the negative control diet. It was concluded that up to 20 g of neem could be included in a kg of broiler chickens diet without deleterious effect on their blood constituents and with the benefit of reducing possible risks of infection from pathogenic bacteria.
Abstract: The present study was assigned to evaluate the Hematological and gut micriobiota profiles of broiler chickens fed on diet supplemented with graded levels of neem oil. A total of 400 day-old chicks of Cobb 500 strain were randomly assigned to 5 treatments groups of 80 birds each with 5 replicates. The experimental rations consisted of a control diet...
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A Review on Virulence Factors of Escherichia Coli
Eshetu Shumi Gebisa,
Minda Asfaw Gerasu,
Diriba Taddese Leggese
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, May 2019
Pages:
83-93
Received:
12 March 2019
Accepted:
17 April 2019
Published:
10 July 2019
Abstract: Most Escherichia coli (E. coli strains are normal commensals found in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals, while others are pathogenic to animals and humans. Pathogenic E. coli distinguished from normal flora by their possession of virulence factors. Hence, the main objective of this review is to appraise different virulence factors associated with occurrence of pathogenic E. coli infections. Some pathogenic strains cause diarrhoeal disease and are categorized into specific groups based on virulence properties, mechanisms of pathogenicity, clinical syndromes and distinct O: H serogroups. In this review, the most important virulence factors of E. coli including acid resistance, different adhesion proteins like fimbriae, fibrillae, curli and outer membrane protein A, the use of type III secretion systems by the bacteria to subvert eukaryotic signaling pathways by injecting virulence proteins into the host cell cytoplasm, the alkaline phosphatase encoded by PhoA gene in E. coli, the repeatsin toxin pore-forming toxins, oligopeptide toxin of E. coli, heat-labile enterotoxins, Vero/Shiga toxins and different pathogenicity islands which encode a variety of different virulence factors like adhesins, toxins, invasins, protein secretion systems, iron uptake systems and others were critically conferred. Thus, this review paper call for pioneering research on different virulence factors of E. coli in order to apply a well-coordinated control interventions.
Abstract: Most Escherichia coli (E. coli strains are normal commensals found in the intestinal tract of both humans and animals, while others are pathogenic to animals and humans. Pathogenic E. coli distinguished from normal flora by their possession of virulence factors. Hence, the main objective of this review is to appraise different virulence factors ass...
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