The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar.
| Published in | Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13 |
| Page(s) | 44-51 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Eulemur fulvus, Bioclimatic, Biodiversity, Genetic Predisposition, Lemurs, Miliary Tuberculosis, Varecia variegata subtincta
| [1] | PNUE-WCMC 2014, Retrieved 28 March 2023, from site Web Biodiversity AZ: www.biodiversitya-z.org, https://www.biodiversitya-z.org/content/megadiverse-countries. |
| [2] | Convention on Biological Biodiversity (2023), Profile de pays. Madagascar. Retrieved 28 March 2023, from https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=mg. |
| [3] | Larsen PA, Hayes CE, Williams CV, Junge RE, Razafindramanana J, Mass V, Rakotondrainibe H, Yoder AD. 2016 Blood transcriptomes reveal novel parasitic zoonoses circulating in Madagascar’s lemurs. Biol. Lett. 12: 20150829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0829 or http://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org. |
| [4] | Zohdy S, Grossman MK, Fried IR, Rasambainarivo FT, Wright PC, Gillespie TR. 2015 Diversity and prevalence of diarrhea-associated viruses in the lemur community and associated human population of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Int. J. Primatol. 36, 143–153. (doi: 10.1007/s10764- 015-9817-5). |
| [5] | Meredith A. Barrett a, b,⇑, Jason L. Brown a, Randall E. Junge c, d, Anne D. Yoder, 2012. Climate change, predictive modelling and lemur health: Assessing impacts of changing climate on health and conservation in Madagascar Biological Conservation 157 (2013) 409–422. |
| [6] | Razafiarisoa B., Razaiarivelo C., Ramaromolanto B., 2018. Bioclimatic of mycosis among wild and endemic animals captive-bred at Tsimbazaza Park in the Madagascar. Scientific Research Journal (Scirj), Volume VI, Issue XI, November 2018 Edition, Page 39-45. |
| [7] | Albignac R. et Ribot J. J., 1969. Mortalité, natalité et pathologie des animaux du Parc Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (centre ORSTOM de Tananarive) de 1964 à 1967. Extrait du Bulletin de Madagascar, Numéros 280-281. Septembre –Octobre 1969. Page 6. |
| [8] | LaFleur, Marni, Reuter, Kim E., Hall, Michael B., Rasoanaivo, Hoby H., McKernan, Stuart, Ranaivomanana, Paulo, Michel, Anita, Rabodoarivelo, Marie Sylvianne, Iqbal, Zamin, Rakotosamimanana, Niaina, and Lapierre, Simon Grandjean (2021). Drug-resistant tuberculosis in pet ring-tailed lemur, Madagascar. Emerging Infectious Diseases 27 (3) 977-979. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2703.202924. |
| [9] | Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (MeSupReS), 2015. Plan Directeur de la Recherche sur l’environnement lié au changement climatique 2015-2019, Madagascar, pp 68. |
| [10] | Cornet A., 1974: Essai se cartographie bioclimatique à Madagascar. Notice explicative N°55. Laboratoire de botanique. Mission ORSTOM de Tananarive, ISBN 2-7099-0339-3, 28, pp: 21-24. |
| [11] | Bishop J., Hosey G. and Piowman A. 2013: Handbook of Zoo Research, Guidelines for Conducting Research in Zoos. London. BIAZA (British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums). |
| [12] | Ane-Anyangwe IN, Akenji TN, Mbacham WF, Penlap VN, Titanji VP, 2006. Seasonal variation and prevalence of tuberculosis among health seekers in the South Western Cameroon. East Afr Med J. 2006 Nov; 83 (11): 588-95. doi: 10.4314/eamj.v83i11.9474. PMID: 17455447. |
| [13] | Luquero FJ, Sanchez-Padilla E, Simon-Soria F, Eiros JM, Golub JE. Trend and seasonality of tuberculosis in Spain, 1996-2004. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008 Feb; 12 (2): 221-4. PMID: 18230258. |
| [14] | Kongchouy N., Kakchapati S., Choonpradub Chamnein, 2010. Modeling the incidence of tuberculosis in southern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2010 May; 41 (3): 574-82. PMID: 20578545. |
| [15] | Parrinello CM, Crossa A, Harris TG. Seasonality of tuberculosis in New York City, 1990-2007. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012 Jan; 16 (1): 32-7. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0145. PMID: 22236842. |
| [16] | Kuddus Md Abdul,. McBryde Emma S and. Adegboye Oyelola A, 2019. Delay effect and burden of weather-related tuberculosis cases in Rajshahi province, Bangladesh, 2007-2012. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 3; 9 (1): 12720. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49135-8. PMID: 31481739; PMCID: PMC 6722246. http://prism.edu.au/publications/delay-effect-and-burden-of-weather-related-tuberculosis-cases-in-rajshahi-province-bangladesh-2007-2012/. |
| [17] | Météo à Mussidan- Périgord (1 mars 2010). Calculation of the Humidex factor on March 28, 2023 from http://www.meteo-mussidan.fr/hum.php. |
| [18] | Harcoiut C, and Thomback, 1990: Lemurs of Madagascar and the Comoros. The lUCN Red Data Book. lUCN, Gland, Switzeriand and Cambridge, U.K. |
| [19] | Dictionary.Com Miliary tuberculosis (2023). Retrieved 28 March 2023 from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/miliary-tuberculosis. |
| [20] | Sharma SK, Mohan A, Sharma A. Challenges in the diagnosis & treatment of miliary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res. 2012 May; 135 (5): 703-30. PMID: 22771605; PMCID: PMC 3401706. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22771605/. |
| [21] | Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (WHO), 1965. Action Internationale contre la tuberculose 1949-1964, Genève, P 35 : PP 20. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/62872/international_work_tb_1949-64_fre.pdf;jsessionid=75901592D490F163FE9D5349FA931907?sequence=2. |
| [22] | WHO, 2021: WHO global lists of high burden countries for TB, multidrug/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) and TB/HIV, 2021–2025, Background document ISBN 978-92-4-002943-9 (electronic version). |
| [23] | Kallmann FJ, Reisner D. 1943. Twin studies on the significance of genetic factors in tuberculosis. Am. Rev. Tuberc. 47, 549–574. |
| [24] | Aravindan PP, Sajitha N., Hussain C., 2019. Host genetics and tuberculosis: Theory of genetic polymorphism and tuberculosis. Lung India 36 (3): p 244-252, May–Jun 2019. | DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_146_15. https://journals.lww.com/lungindia/Fulltext/2019/36030/Host_genetics_and_tuberculosis__Theory_of_genetic.16.aspx. |
| [25] | Qibin Liu, Xianxiang Chen, Xiyong Dai, 2022. The association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with tuberculosis susceptibility in several regional populations. Cytokine, Volume 156, 2022, 155915, ISSN 1043-4666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155915. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466622001247 |
| [26] | Lyons Emily, Frodsham Angela, Schieber Lyna, Hill Adrian, Amos William, 2009. Consanguinity and susceptibility to infectious diseases in humans, Biology Letters 5 (4): 574-6, DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0133, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24237379_Consanguinity_and_susceptibility_to_infectious_diseases_in_humans. |
| [27] | Keerqinfu, Qiming Z., Long Y., Juan H., 2018. Time series analysis of correlativity between pulmonary tuberculosis and seasonal meteorological factors based on theory of Human-Environmental Inter Relation, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Volume 5, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 119-127, ISSN 2095-7548, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.03.001. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095754818300395. |
| [28] | Krishnan R, Thiruvengadam K, Jayabal L, Selvaraju S, Watson B, Malaisamy M, Nagarajan K, Tripathy SP, Chinnaiyan P, Chandrasekaran P. 2022. An influence of dew point temperature on the occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis disease in Chennai, India. Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 12; 12 (1): 6147. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10111-4. PMID: 35413979; PMCID: PMC 9005621. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35413979/. |
| [29] | WHO/HEP/ECH/CCH, 2021. Health and climate change. Country profiles Madagascar. Small island Developing Initiative. © World Health Organization and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 2021. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HEP-ECH-CCH-21.01.08. |
APA Style
Berthine Razafiarisoa, Christine Razaiarivelo, Roger Ramarokoto, Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy, Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison, et al. (2023). Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(2), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13
ACS Style
Berthine Razafiarisoa; Christine Razaiarivelo; Roger Ramarokoto; Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy; Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison, et al. Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2023, 11(2), 44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13
AMA Style
Berthine Razafiarisoa, Christine Razaiarivelo, Roger Ramarokoto, Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy, Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison, et al. Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar. Anim Vet Sci. 2023;11(2):44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13,
author = {Berthine Razafiarisoa and Christine Razaiarivelo and Roger Ramarokoto and Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy and Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison and Brigitte Annie Bezandry},
title = {Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar},
journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {44-51},
doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20231102.13},
abstract = {The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar.},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar AU - Berthine Razafiarisoa AU - Christine Razaiarivelo AU - Roger Ramarokoto AU - Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy AU - Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison AU - Brigitte Annie Bezandry Y1 - 2023/04/13 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13 DO - 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13 T2 - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JF - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JO - Animal and Veterinary Sciences SP - 44 EP - 51 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5850 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13 AB - The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar. VL - 11 IS - 2 ER -
Email: